Developing Asia and the Pacific is unprepared to secure the well-being of its rapidly aging population as the growing share of older people in the region faces challenges from low pension coverage to health problems, social isolation and limited access to essential services.
While longer lifespans reflect the region’s development success, comprehensive policy reforms are urgently needed to support the welfare of older people, according to Aging Well in Asia: Asian Development Policy Report released by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) at its 57th annual meeting.
The number of people aged 60 and older in developing Asia and the Pacific is set to nearly double by 2050 to 1.2 billion—or about a quarter of the total population—significantly increasing the need for pension and welfare programs as well as health care services.
Economies have an opportunity to reap a “silver dividend” in the form of additional productivity from older people, which could boost gross domestic product in the region by 0.9 percent on average.
“Asia and the Pacific’s rapid development is a success story, but it’s also fueling a huge demographic shift, and the pressure is rising,” said ADB chief economist Albert Park.
“Governments need to prepare now if they’re going to be able to help hundreds of millions of people in the region age well. Policies should support lifetime investment in health, education, skills, and financial preparedness for retirement. Family and social ties are also important to foster healthy and productive populations of older people and maximize their contribution to society,” Park said.
According to the report, 40 percent of people over age 60 in Asia and the Pacific lack access to any form of pension—with women disproportionately affected, as they are more likely to do unpaid domestic work.
Many older people in the region have no choice but to work well beyond retirement age to survive. Among those still working at age 65 or older, 94 percent work in the informal sector, which typically doesn’t provide basic labor protections or pension benefits.
Physical and mental health challenges also increase with age. Around 60 percent of older people in Asia and the Pacific do not attend or receive regular health checks, while 31 percent report depressive symptoms owing to illness, social isolation and economic insecurity.
Older women in the region are also more likely than older men to suffer from ill health, from depression to diabetes and hypertension.
The report recommends a wide range of policy measures to support healthy and economically secure aging. Among these are government-assisted health insurance and pension plans, improved health infrastructure, and free annual check-ups and lifestyle evaluations. Policy makers should aim for universal health care coverage, while basic labor protections should be extended to older informal workers, according to the report.
