The United Nations last week warned that air pollution is increasingly impacting human health—and is now the second leading global risk factor for premature death.
The UN aired the alert following the release of the State of Global Air (SoGA) report published in partnership with the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF).
The fifth edition of the report, released by the Health Effects Institute (HEI), revealed that air pollution caused 8.1 million deaths worldwide in 2021 and many millions are dealing with debilitating chronic diseases, leaving healthcare systems, economies and societies.
It found that children under five are particularly vulnerable to air pollution, leaving over 700,000 in this age group dead in 2021.
The SoGA report found that pollutants like outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which comes from burning fossil fuels and biomass in sectors like transportation, residential homes, wildfires, and more, caused more than 90 percent of global air pollution deaths and were found to be the “most consistent and accurate predictor of poor health outcomes around the world.”
Other pollutants like household air pollution, ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)—which can be found in traffic exhaust—also contribute to the global deterioration of human health.
HEI president Dr. Elena Craft said she hopes the information in the report will inspire change.
“Air pollution has enormous implications for health. We know that improving air quality and global public health is practical and achievable,” she said. UN News
In addition to affecting people’s health, pollutants like PM2.5 add to greenhouse gases that are warming the planet. As the earth warms, regions with high levels of NO2 will experience great levels of ozone, which can result in greater health effects.
“This new report offers a stark reminder of the significant impacts air pollution has on human health, with far too much of the burden borne by young children, older populations, and low- and middle-income countries,” said Dr. Pallavi Pant, HEI’s Head of Global Health. “This points sharply at an opportunity for cities and countries to consider air quality and air pollution as high-risk factors when developing health policies and other noncommunicable disease prevention and control programs.”
The report reveals that children are “uniquely vulnerable” to air pollution and effects can begin in the womb. It states that young children’s exposure to air pollution has resulted in one in five deaths globally, pneumonia and asthma and affects children with inequities more than it does those in high-income countries.
‘The global urgency is undeniable,” she said. “It is imperative governments and businesses consider these estimates and locally available data and use it to inform meaningful, child-focused action to reduce air pollution and protect children’s health.”
In addition to sharing details on the negative effects of air pollution on human health, the SoGA report also claims that there has been better awareness about the harms of being exposed to household air pollution and a 53 percent decrease in the death rate of children under five since 2000 due to increased access to clean energy for cooking.
Also, regions experiencing the highest levels of air pollution have begun to address the issue by installing air pollution monitoring networks, implementing stricter air quality policies and more – particularly in Africa, Latin America and Asia. UN News
